China rama Valve Industry hmasawnna chanchin (2) .

Valve industry hmasa ber (1949-1959) .

01Ram economy siamthatna tura rawngbawl turin inbuatsaih

Kum 1949 atanga 1952 chhung kha ka ram ram sum leh pai dinhmun a lo thang chhoh hun a ni. Economic construction mamawhna avang hian ram hian hmanhmawh takin mi tam tak a mamawh a nivalve te a awm, chauh ni lovinlow pressure valve te a awm bawk, mahse chutih laia siam loh high leh medium pressure valve batch pawh a ni. Ram mamawh hmanhmawhthlak tak phuhruk nan valve siamchhuah dan tur ruahmanna siam dan tur chu hna rit tak leh harsa tak a ni.

1. Production kaihruai leh puih

“Production tihhmasawn, economy tihhmasawn, mipui leh mimal ngaihtuah a, hnathawk leh sum leh pai lama hlawkna thlen” policy angin, mipui sorkar chuan processing leh ordering kalphung a hmang a, private medium leh small enterprise-te chu valve hawn leh siam chhuah leh turin nasa takin a thlawp a ni. People’s Republic of China din hma lawk khan Shenyang Chengfa Iron Factory chuan a tawpah leiba tam tak a neih avangin leh a thil siamte market a neih loh avangin a sumdawnna chu a khar ta a, factory vengtu tur hnathawk 7 chauh an awm a, sum senso enkawl nan machine tool 14 a hralh bawk. New China din a nih hnuah mipui sorkar puihnain factory hian thil siam chhuah a chhunzawm leh a, chumi kum chuan a thawh tan tirh khan hnathawk 7 a\angin 96-ah a pung ta a ni. Chumi hnuah chuan factory chuan Shenyang Hardware Machinery Company aṭangin material processing chu a pawm a, a siam chhuah chu a tharin a lang ta a ni. Hnathawktu hi 329-ah an pung a, kum khatah valve hrang hrang set 610 zet an siam chhuak a, an output value chu yuan 830,000 a ni. Hemi hun chhung vek hian Shanghai-ah pawh hian private enterprise valve siam chhuak tawhte chauh ni lovin, ram economy a lo ṭhan chhoh tak avangin private enterprise tenau tam tak chuan valve siam chhuah kawngah an hawng emaw, an inthlak emaw a, chu chuan chutih laia Construction Hardware Association din chu a tizau hle a ni.

2. Lei leh hralh inzawmkhawm, valve siamna buatsaih

Private enterprise tam tak valve siamna lama an inthlak avangin Shanghai Construction Hardware Association hmasa ber chuan hmasawnna atana thil tulte chu a hlen chhuak thei lo. Kum 1951 khan Shanghai valve siamtute chuan China Hardware Machinery Company Shanghai Purchasing Supply Station-a processing leh ordering hna thawk turin joint venture 6 an din a, unified purchase and sales an kalpui bawk. Entirnan, nominal size low-pressure valve lian tak tak hna thawktu Daxin Iron Works leh high- leh medium-pressure valve siamna hna thawktu Yuanda, Zhongxin, Jinlong leh Lianggong Machinery Factory te hi Shanghai Municipal Bureau of Public Utilities, Ministry of Industry of East China leh Central Fuel te chuan an thlawp vek a ni. Ministry of Industry-a Petroleum Administration kaihhruaina hnuaiah direct order kalpui a ni a, chumi hnuah processing order lam hawi a ni. People’s Government chuan private enterprise-te chu unified purchase and sales policy hmangin production leh sales lama harsatna awmte hneh turin a pui a, a tirah chuan private enterprise-te economic anarchy a tidanglam a, sumdawnna neitu leh hnathawkte thil siam chhuah duhna a tichangtlung a, technology, hmanrua leh factory dinhmun lamah pawh hnufual tak tak an ni oil field-a siam chhuah chhunzawm leh a nih theih nan.

3. Ram pum huapa sum leh pai lama in sakna service siamṭhatna tur hmasawnna

Kum nga chhunga ruahmanna hmasa berah hian state chuan construction project pawimawh 156 a tarlang a, chung zinga Yumen Oil Field siamṭhat leh Anshan Iron and Steel Company siamchhuah chu project lian pahnih a ni. Yumen Oilfield-a a rang thei ang bera siam chhuah leh theih nan Ministry of Fuel Industry-a Petroleum Administration Bureau chuan Shanghai-ah petroleum machinery part siamchhuahna tur ruahmanna a siam a ni. Shanghai Jinlong Hardware Factory leh midangte chuan medium-pressure steel valve batch khat trial-producing hna an thawk a ni. Workshop ang chi factory tenau tak takte’n medium-pressure valve trial-a siam chhuah harsatzia hi ngaihtuah theih a ni. Variety thenkhat chu a hmangtute’n sample an pek dan azirin chauh entawn theih a ni a, thil tak tak chu survey leh map a ni. Steel castings quality a tha tawk loh avangin original cast steel valve body chu forgings-ah thlak a ngai ta a ni. Chutih lai chuan globe valve body-a oblique hole processing atan drilling die a awm lo va, chuvang chuan kut hmanga drilling chauh a ni a, chutah chuan fitter-in a siam \ha thei a ni. Harsatna tam tak kan paltlang hnuah a tawpah chuan NPS3/8 ~ NPS2 medium-pressure steel gate valve leh globe valve te trial production-ah kan hlawhtling ta a, a hmangtute chuan an lo dawngsawng tha hle. Kum 1952 kum chanve hnihnaah Shanghai Yuanta, Zhongxin, Weiye, Lianggong leh factory dangte chuan petroleum atana cast steel valve trial production leh mass production hna an thawk ta a ni. Chutih lai chuan Soviet design leh standard hman a ni a, technician-te chuan tih hmangin an zir a, thil siam chhuahna lama harsatna tam tak an hneh bawk. Shanghai cast steel valve trial production hi Ministry of Petroleum buatsaih a ni a, Shanghai-a factory hrang hrangte thawhhona pawh a hmu bawk. Asia Factory (tuna Shanghai Machine Repair Factory) chuan a mamawh ang steel casting a pe a, Sifang Boiler Factory chuan blasting-ah a pui bawk. Test hian a tawpah chuan cast steel valve prototype chu trial production-ah a hlawhtling ta a, mass production chu a buatsaih nghal a, a hun taka hman turin Yumen Oilfield-ah thawn a ni. Hetih rual hian Shenyang Chengfa Iron Works leh Shanghai Daxin Iron Works te pawhin an pe bawkpressure hniam tak nei valve tepower plant atan nominal size lian zawk neiin, Anshan Iron and Steel Company chuan thil siamchhuah leh khawpui sak chhunzawm leh turin a ti a ni.

Ram economy a lo ṭhan chhoh lai hian ka ram valve industry hi a lo thang chak hle a. Kum 1949 khan valve output chu 387t chauh a ni a, kum 1952 khan 1015t-ah a kai chho a, technical lamah chuan cast steel valve leh low-pressure large valve te a siam thei a, hei hian ram economy siamthatna tur matching valve a pe mai bakah China rama valve industry hmalam hun atana lungphum tha tak a siam bawk.

02Valve industry a tan ta

Kum 1953 khan ka ram hian kum nga chhunga ruahmanna hmasa ber a siam tan a, industrial sector-te, petroleum, chemical industry, metallurgy, electric power leh coal te chuan hmasawnna chakna chu a ti chak vek a ni. Hetih lai hian valve mamawhna chu a tam zawk a ni. Chutih lai chuan private factory tenau tak tak, valve siamtu tam tak awm mah se, an technical force a chak lo va, an hmanrua te chu a hlui tawh a, an factory te chu a simple a, an scale te chu a te lutuk a, a darh zau lutuk bawk. Ram economy hmasawnna chak tak mamawh phuhruk nan First Ministry of Machinery Industry (First Ministry of Machinery tia sawi) chuan private enterprise hmasa berte chu a siam thar leh a, a thlak danglam chhunzawm zel a, valve siamchhuah pawh a tizau zel bawk. Chutih rual chuan backbone leh key valve siamna tur ruahmanna leh step hrang hrang a awm bawk. Enterprise, ka ram valve industry a intan tan a.

1. Shanghai khawpui chhunga secondary valve industry din thar lehna

New China din a nih hnuah Party chuan capitalist industry leh commerce tan “utilization, restriction and transformation” policy a kalpui ta a ni.

Shanghai-ah hian valve factory tenau 60 emaw 70 emaw vel a awm tih a chiang ta. Chung factory lian ber chu mi 20 atanga 30 vel chauh an awm a, a te ber ah chuan mi tlemte chauh an awm bawk. Heng valve factory-te hian valve siam mah se, an technology leh enkawl dan chu a hnungtawlh hle a, hmanrua leh factory building te pawh a awlsam a, siam dan pawh a awlsam hle. Ṭhenkhat chuan lathe emaw belt machine hmanrua awlsam tak pakhat emaw pahnih emaw chauh an nei a, casting atan crucible furnace ṭhenkhat chauh an awm a, a tam zawk chu kut hmanga hman a ni. , design theihna leh testing hmanrua nei lovin. Hetiang dinhmun hi tunlai thil siam chhuahna atan a tha lo va, state-in thil siam chhuah a mamawh tur ruahman ang pawh a tlin thei lo va, valve siam chhuah quality pawh control theih a ni lo. Chumi atan chuan Shanghai Municipal People’s Government chuan Shanghai-a valve siamtute nen thawhhona an siam a, Shanghai Pipeline Switches No. 1, No. 2, No. 3, No. 4, No. 5, No. 6 leh central enterprise dangte a din bawk. A chunga kan sawi takte hi, technology leh quality lama centralized management, management darh leh buai tak takte chu a taka inzawmkhawmtu, chutiang chuan hnathawk tam zawkte socialism siam tura thahnemngaihna nasa takin a tichak a, hei hi valve industry-a inrelbawlna lian ber hmasa ber a ni.

Kum 1956-a public-private thawhhona hnuah Shanghai-a valve industry chu a vawi hnihna atan adjustment leh industrial restructuring lian tak a ni a, professional company Shanghai Construction Hardware Company, Petroleum Machinery Parts Manufacturing Company leh General Machinery Company te chu din a ni ta a ni. A tir lama construction hardware industry nena inzawm valve company hian region hrang hrangah Yuanda, Rongfa, Zhongxin, Weiye, Jinlong, Zhao Yongda, Tongxin, Fuchang, Wang Yingqi, Yunchang, Dehe, Jinfa, leh Xie te a din a ni. Dalian, Yuchang, Deda, etc.-ah te central factory 20 vel a awm a, central factory tin hian an thuneihna hnuaiah satellite factory engemaw zat an nei a. Central plant-ah hian party branch leh grass-roots joint labor union din a ni. Sorkar chuan mipui aiawhte chu administrative work kaihruai turin a ruat a, chutiang chuan production, supply, leh financial business organization a din a, zawi zawiin state-owned enterprise ang chi management method a hmang ta a ni. Hetih rual hian Shenyang area-ah pawh factory tenau 21 chu Chengfa-ah an inzawm khawm bawkGate Valve a niThil siamna hmunpui. Chumi hnuah chuan state chuan level zawng zawnga management agency kaltlangin sumdawnna tenau leh lian lo siam chhuahna chu national planning track-ah a hruai lut a, valve siamchhuahna tur ruahmanna leh buatsaih a ni. Hei hi New China din a nih atanga valve enterprise-te production management inthlak danglamna a ni.

2. Shenyang General Machinery Factory chu valve siamna lamah an inthlak

Shanghai-a valve siamtute din thar leh a nih rual hian First Machinery Department chuan direct-a inzawm factory tinte thil siam chhuah chu a ṭhen darh a, direct-a inzawm factory leh local state-owned factory lian zawkte professional production direction a tichiang bawk. Shenyang General Machinery Factory chu professional valve siamtuah an chantir ta a ni. enterprise a ni. Factory hmaa awm chu bureaucratic capital enterprise mainland office leh Japanese pseudo-industry Dechang factory te a ni. New China din a nih hnuah hian he factory hian machine tool hrang hrang leh pipe joint hrang hrang a siam chhuak ber a ni. Kum 1953 atang khan thingpui siamna khawl a siam tan a. Kum 1954-a Machinery Ministry-a First Bureau enkawlna hnuaia direct-a a awm lai khan hnathawk 1,585 leh machinery leh hmanraw hrang hrang set 147 a nei a. Tin, cast steel siam chhuah theihna a nei a, technical force pawh a chak hle bawk. Kum 1955 atang khan ram pum ruahmanna siam dan nena inmil turin chiang takin valve siamna lamah a inthlak a, a hmaa metalworking, assembly, tool, machine repair leh steel casting workshop te chu a siam thar leh a, riveting leh welding workshop thar a siam a, central laboratory leh metrological verification station a din bawk. technician thenkhat chu Shenyang Pump Factory atangin sawn an ni. Kum 1956 khan 837t oflow pressure valve te a awm bawkan siam chhuak a, high leh medium pressure valve mass production an tan ta a ni. Kum 1959 khan valve 4213t siam a ni a, chung zingah chuan high leh medium pressure valve 1291t siam a ni. Kum 1962 khan Shenyang High and Medium Pressure Valve Factory tia thlak a ni a, valve industry-a backbone enterprise lian ber pawl a ni ta a ni.

3. Valve siam chhuahna climax hmasa ber

New China din tirh lamah khan ka ram valve siamchhuahna hi thawhhona leh indona hmanga chinfel a ni ber. “Great Leap Forward” hunlai khan ka ram valve industry hian production climax hmasa ber a tawng a. Valve output: Kum 1949-ah 387t, 1956-ah 8126t, 1959-ah 49746t, kum 1949-a a let 128.5, leh kum 1956-a public-private partnership din a nih lai aiin a let 6.1 a ni. High leh medium pressure valve siam chhuah hi a tlai tan a, kum 1956 atang khan mass production tan a ni a, kum khatah 175t siam chhuah a ni. Kum 1959 khan output chu 1799t a tling a, hei hi kum 1956 aiin a let 10.3 zetin a tam a, national economic construction hmasawnna chak tak chuan valve industry hmasawnna ropui tak a tipung a ni. Kum 1955 khan Shanghai Lianggong Valve Factory chuan Yumen Oilfield atana Christmas tree valve chu hlawhtling takin an enchhin a; Shanghai Yuanda, Zhongxin, Weiye, Rongfa leh machine factory dangte chuan trial-a siam cast steel, forged steel medium leh high pressure valve leh oil field leh fertilizer plant-te tana nominal pressure High-pressure fertilizer valve PN160 leh PN320 te Shenyang General Machinery Factory leh Suzhou Iron Factory (Suzhou Valve Factory hmaa awm) te chuan Jilin Chemical Industry Corporation-a fertilizer factory-a high-pressure valve siam chu hlawhtling takin an enchhin a Shenyang Chengfa Iron Factory chuan electric gate valve, nominal size DN3000 nei chu hlawhtling takin trial-in an siam chhuak a ni. Chutih laia China rama valve lian ber leh rit ber a ni a; Shenyang General Machinery Factory chuan high-pressure polyethylene intermediate test device atan hian nominal size DN3 ~ DN10 leh nominal pressure PN1500 ~ PN2000 nei ultra-high pressure valve te chu hlawhtling takin trial-in a siam a Shanghai Daxin Iron Factory-in metallurgical industry tana a siam The high-temperature hot air valve, a nominal size DN600 leh flue valve DN900 Dalian Valve Factory, Wafangdian Valve Factory, etc. te pawhin hmasawnna chak tak an nei a. Valve chi hrang hrang leh a tam lutuk hian valve industry hmasawnna a tipung a ni. A bik takin “Great Leap Forward” industry-in sak a mamawh avangin ram pumah valve factory tenau leh lian lo tak tak a lo piang chhuak ta a ni. Kum 1958 thleng khan ram pum huapa valve siamna enterprise-te chuan Za khat vel an awm a, valve siamna team lian tak an din a ni. Kum 1958 khan valve siam chhuah zawng zawng chu 24,163t-ah a kai chho a, kum 1957 aiin 80% zetin a pung a; Hetih hun chhung hian ka ram valve siamchhuahna hian a climax hmasa ber a nei a. Mahse, valve siamtute an rawn chhuah avangin harsatna hrang hrang a thlen bawk. Entirnan: quality ni lovin quantity chauh zawn; “thil te tih leh thil lian tak tak tih, local methods”, technological condition awm lohna; design tih laiin, standard concept awm lohna; copy leh copy, technical lama buaina siam. An policy hrang hrang avang hian style hrang hrang set an nei vek a. Valve terminology hi hmun hrang hrangah a inang lo va, nominal pressure leh nominal size series pawh a inang lo. Factory thenkhat chuan Soviet standard an sawi a, thenkhat chuan Japanese standard an sawi a, thenkhat chuan American leh British standard an sawi bawk. A buaithlak hle. A chi hrang hrang, specification, connection dimension, structural length, test condition, test standard, paint mark, physical leh chemical, leh measurement, etc. lamah chuan company tam tak chuan single-matching method “seat awm zat inmil” an hmang a, quality a guarantee lo va, output a sang lo va, economic benefits pawh a tha lo. Chutih laia thil awmdan chu “a darh zau, a buai, a tlem a, a hniam” a, chu chu hmun tina valve factory a darh zau a, management system a buai a, technical standard leh specification inpumkhat a awm lo a, product quality a hniam bawk. Hetiang dinhmun hi tihdanglam tumin state chuan national production survey onvalve chu a nikhawl hmunpui.

4. Ram pum huapa valve siamchhuahna survey hmasa ber

Valve siam chhuah dinhmun hriat tumin kum 1958 khan First Machinery Department-a First leh Third Bureau-te chuan ram pum huapa valve siam chhuah survey an buatsaih a. Investigation team hian Northeast China, Northeast China, East China leh Central South China-a region 4 leh khawpui 24-ah kalin valve factory 90-te chu uluk takin an chhui a ni. Hei hi People’s Republic of China din a nih hnua ram pum huapa valve survey neih hmasak ber a ni. Chutih lai chuan survey hian valve siamtu lian zawk leh chi hrang hrang leh specification tam zawk nei te, Shenyang General Machinery Factory, Shenyang Chengfa Iron Factory, Suzhou Iron Factory, leh Dalian Valve te chu a ngaihtuah ber a ni. Factory, Beijing Hardware Material Factory (Beijing Valve Factory hmaa awm), Wafangdian Valve Factory, Chongqing Valve Factory, Shanghai leh Shanghai Pipeline Switch 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 leh 6 factory-a valve siamtu eng emaw zat, etc.

Investigation hmang hian valve siamna kawnga harsatna awm ber berte chu a bul berah chuan hmuhchhuah a ni ta a ni:

1) Planning pum pui leh hnathawh insem dan mumal lo, chu chuan thil siam chhuah nawn fo a, thil siam chhuah theihna a nghawng a ni.

2) Valve product standards hi a inpumkhat lo a, hei hian a hmangtu thlan leh enkawl kawngah harsatna nasa tak a thlen a ni.

3) Measurement leh inspection hna thawhna bulpui a chhe lutuk a, valve product quality leh mass production tihchian a harsa hle.

A chunga harsatna awmte chhanna atan hian investigation team chuan ministry leh bureau-te hnenah hmalakna pathum an siam a, chungte chu ruahmanna pum pui tihchak, hnathawh insem dan dik tak, leh production leh sales balance buatsaih te standardization tihchak leh physical leh chemical inspection hna thawh te, unified valve standard siam te; leh experimental research kalpui te a ni. 1. 3rd Bureau hruaitute chuan hei hi an ngai pawimawh hle a. A hmasa berin standardization hna an thawk ber a ni. Ministry of Machinery hmasa bera Machinery Manufacturing Technology Research Institute chu ministry-in a tihchhuah pipeline accessories standard siam turin a kaihhnawih valve siamtute buatsaih turin an hlan a, chu chu kum 1961 khan industry-ah hman a ni a, factory tinte valve design kaihhruaina atan institute hian “Valve Design Manual” a siam a, a print bawk. Ministry-in pipeline accessories standard a tihchhuah hi ka ram chhunga valve standard batch hmasa ber a ni a, “Valve Design Manual” hi keimahni ngeiin valve design technical data kan buatsaih hmasak ber a ni a, hei hian ka ram chhunga valve product design level tihsan kawngah hmun tha tak a chang a ni. He ram pum huapa survey hmang hian kum 10 kalta chhunga ka ram valve industry hmasawnna bulpui ber chu hmuhchhuah a ni a, valve siamna leh standard awm lohna entawn buaithlak tak takte chu paih bo vek turin hmalakna tangkai leh tangkai tak tak siam a ni. Manufacturing technology chuan hmasawnna lian tak a nei a, self-design leh organization of mass production stage thar a lut tan ta a ni.

03 Thuhmahruai

Kum 1949 atanga 1959 thleng khan ka ram tavalve a niindustry chu China hlui buaina atang chuan rang takin a lo harh chhuak a, a tan tan ta a; maintenance atanga entawn atanga mahni siam thlengindesign leh manufacture, low pressure valve siam atanga high leh medium pressure valve siam thlengin a tirah chuan valve siamna industry a siam a ni. Mahse, production speed a lo thang chak em avangin harsatna engemaw zat a awm bawk. National plan-a dah a nih atang khan, First Ministry of Machinery centralised management hnuaiah, buaina thlentu chu chhui chian leh zirchianna hmangin hmuhchhuah a ni a, ram pum sum leh pai lama sak chakna nena inmil tura valve siam chhuah theihna tur, leh valve industry hmasawnna tur atana hmanraw tangkai leh tangkai tak tak chinfelna leh hmalakna te pawh kalpui a ni tawh bawk. Tin, industry organization din hian lungphum tha tak a phum bawk.